What did the great conqueror Genghis Khan miscalculate, and Why did the Mongol Empire fall

In 1995, The Washington Post called Genghis Khan the “man of the millennium.” Of course, this was a controversial choice because his conquests led to the death of millions of people and the devastation of many cities. Still, they united vast territories, allowing trade to flourish on the Silk Road, thus connecting East and West.

so it is impossible not to agree that Genghis Khan was the man who changed this world. What were the great conqueror’s miscalculations that led to the fall of the mighty

were expelled from their tribe and had to survive on their own in the steppe.

Mongolian tribes, gather their warriors around him, and make them loyal followers. At the same time, he became known as Genghis Khan, the “universal ruler” of the unified Mongol Empire, which had about one million people.

llow men.

re the eastern border by capturing the Tangut kingdom of Xi Xia, which was located between his possessions and China.

ped for a while, waiting out the unbearable heat, and then moved with his army to China. After the capture of the Jin dynasty, Khanate of Khiva in Turkestan followed.

goals, including plundering conquered territories, controlling lucrative trade routes, and taking revenge on personal enemies.

to their side.

deliver crushing blows to the enemy’s scattered forces. Those who surrendered without a fight could count on good conditions and attracted other soldiers to the Mongolian troops. But often, after the Mongol attacks, the vast conquered territories were left without a population due

with forests, absorbing millions of tons of carbon from the atmosphere and contributing to climate change.

ented and fragile, united solely by the ruler’s authority. After Genghis Khan’s death, the Mongols quickly adapted to governance. By connecting these territories through mounted messengers, they provided relatively fast communication. It also contributed to the development of trade, which was the driving force behind the Mongol conquests.

d the world’s population by 11% and destroyed entire cultures.

o impose their culture without considering local traditions in the early periods of their conquests, local customs began to prevail in different territories of the Mongol Empire over time.

d the work of artisans. The extent of the tribute and the treatment of the local population depended on the circumstances that led to the

ird son, Ogedei, as his successor. His contemporaries described him as a harsh and emotional man. After his father’s death, Ogodei further expanded the empire and strengthened control over the conquered lands, but soon, he was overtaken by drunkenness. He die

irs to Genghis Khan’s throne was constantly questioned. There was a fierce struggle between the branches of the Ogedei and Batu families, but before the tension grew so great that it could damage the empire, Guyuk also died.

outwitted the Ogedei family clan and enthroned her son Mongke. Under him, the Mongols took Baghdad, established territory in the Mediterranean, and rem

s position suspicious among the Mongols even after he became the great Khan.

tempts to maintain the superiority of the Mongols. He proved he could reconcile the Chinese to foreign rule, but his extravagance was resented. He continued his attempts at conquest, which did not bring new territories to the Mongol Empire, and some turned into real disasters for the Mongols.

n 1276 and 1281—the Mongols tried to capture Japan on the orders of Kublai. Both times, typhoons saved Japan, destroying almost h

strongest base, the native Chinese culture began to influence the resistance of the Mongols. The Mongol nobility and Chinese farmers became increasingly hostile to each other. The danger of rebellion grew, and by 1368, the Yuan Dynasty supplanted the Ming Dynasty.

. Later, Jochi significantly expanded these possessions.

n and his descendants were influenced by Chinese culture, the descendants of Batu were influenced by the Turkic and Islamic peoples they ruled.

rom the plague epidemic, called the “black death,” and suffered military defeats from Russia, breaking into several smaller states during the 1400s.

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