What did the great conqueror Genghis Khan miscalculate, and Why did the Mongol Empire fall

In 1995, The Washington Post called Genghis Khan the “man of the millennium.” Of course, this was a controversial choice because his conquests led to the death of millions of people and the devastation of many cities. Still, they united vast territories, allowing trade to flourish on the Silk Road, thus connecting East and West.

his Khan was the man who changed this world. What were the great conqueror’s miscalculations that led to the fall of the mighty Mongol Empire?

t time, Mongolian society was divided into often warring tribes. One of the wars claimed the life of Temujin’s father when the boy turned 10 year

imself to be a skilled and fierce warrior. When trying to capture the former tribe members, he kills his older half-brother and saves his wife from the massacre. Soon, Temujin managed to destroy the warring leaders of several Mongolian tribes, gather their warriors around him, and make them loyal followers. At the same time, he became known as Genghis Khan, the “universal ruler” of the u

, he began state-building by introducing a writing system and organizing a population census. He also sought to end any strife between the Mo

erritory outside the steppes of Mongolia that Genghis Khan decided to conquer was China. Still, before his conquest, the Mongol ruler decided to secure the eastern border by capturing the Tangut kingdom of Xi Xia, which was located between h

army to China. After the capture of the Jin dynasty, Khanate of Khiva in Turkestan followed.

ed to rule the world. Driven by a divine purpose, he believed in his chosen one. But his imperial ambitions were probably fueled by other goals, including plundering co

the Mongols successfully used. Since China existed at that time as two separate entities – the Jin Dynasty and the Song Empire, the Mongols were able to win over some Jin warriors to their side.

ghis Khan’s warriors’ victories were not e

forces. Those who surrendered without a fight could count on good conditions and attracted other soldiers to the Mongolian troops. But often, after the Mongol attacks, the vast conquered territories were left without a population due to the brutal massacre and expulsion of crowds of people fleeing from the advancing Mongol troops.

nd contributing to climate change.

death, the Mongols quickly adapted to governance. By connecting these territories through mounted messengers, they provided relatively fast communication. It also contributed to the development of trade, which was the driving force behind the Mongol conquests.

used by the Mongol conquests, which reduced the world’s population by 11% and destroyed entire cultures.

evail in different territories of the Mongol Empire over time.

and controlled the work of artisans. The extent of the tribute and the treatment of the local population depended on the circumstances that led to the territory’s annexation. Those who surrendered voluntarily had more freedom and could expect better treatment.

red lands, but soon, he was overtaken by drunkenness. He died 14 years after Genghis Khan’s death.

Batu families, but before the tension grew so great that it could damage the empire, Guyuk also died.

ed her son Mongke. Under him, the Mongols took Baghdad, established territory in the Mediterranean, and removed a

nded with Kublai’s victory. However, he was never elected by the council of nobles, which made his position suspicious among the Mongols even after he became the great Khan.

sented. He continued his attempts at conquest, which did not bring new territories to the Mongol Empire, and some turned into real disasters for the Mongols.

Kublai. Both times, typhoons saved Japan, destroying almost half of the Mongol army. This became one of the greatest naval disasters in world history and brought the fall of the Mongol Empire closer.

r. The danger of rebellion grew, and by 1368, the Yuan Dynasty supplanted the Ming Dynasty.

ns.

endants were influenced by Chinese culture, the descendants of Batu were influenced by the Turkic and Islamic peoples they ruled.

s from Russia, breaking into several smaller states during the 1400s.

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