What did the great conqueror Genghis Khan miscalculate, and Why did the Mongol Empire fall

In 1995, The Washington Post called Genghis Khan the “man of the millennium.” Of course, this was a controversial choice because his conquests led to the death of millions of people and the devastation of many cities. Still, they united vast territories, allowing trade to flourish on the Silk Road, thus connecting East and West.

of many people, so it is impossible not to agree that Genghis Khan was the man who changed this world. What were the great conqueror’s miscalculations that led to the fall of the mighty Mongol Empire?

y turned 10 years old, and his mother, brothers, and sisters were expelled from their tribe and had to survive on their own in the steppe.

older half-brother and saves his wife from the massacre. Soon, Temujin managed to destroy the warring leaders of several Mongolian tribes, gather their warriors around him, and make them loyal followers. At the same time, he became known as Genghis Khan, the “universal ruler” of the unified Mongol Empire, w

ding the enslavement of his fellow men.

as located between his possessions and China.

ed for a while, waiting out the unbearable heat, and then moved with his army to China. After the capture of the Jin dynasty, Khanate of Khiva in Turkestan followed.

ative trade routes, and taking revenge on personal enemies.

es and peoples enslaved by the Mongols were highly developed then, but they had separate formations and internal disagreements, which the Mongols successfully used. Since China existed at that

hem. Unrest within the occupied countries contributed to replenishing the ranks of the Mongolian army. Genghis Khan’s well-organized warriors extensively used cavalry, which could move rapidly and devastatingly affect the enemy in open terrain.

ght could count on good conditions and attracted other soldiers to the Mongolian troops. But often, after the Mongol attacks, the vast conquered territories were left without a population due to the brutal massacre and expulsion of crowds of people fleeing from the advancing Mongol troops.

le of the devastation of the lands conquered by the Mongols was grand. It lasted so long that these territories were overgrown with forests, absorbing millions of tons of carbon from the atmosphere and contributing to climat

nd the Mongol conquests.

uoted statistic that Genghis Khan is responsible for 40 million deaths downplays the scale of destruction caused by the Mongol conquests, which reduced the world’s population by 11% and destroyed entire cultures.

parate Chinese, Persian, and Asian states united by Genghis Khan’s empire. If the Mongols tried to impose their culture without considering local traditions in the early periods of their conquests, local customs began to prevail in different territories of the Mongol Empire over time.

tives collected tribute, recruited soldiers for service, and controlled the work of artisans. The extent of the

bed him as a harsh and emotional man. After his father’s death, Ogodei further expanded the empire and strengthened control over the conquered lands, but soon, he was overtaken by drunkenness. He

ed to the throne, but the legitimacy of the heirs to Genghis Khan’s throne was constantly questioned. There was a fierce struggle between the branches of the Ogedei an

family clan and enthroned her son Mongke. Under him, the Mongols took Baghdad, established territory in the Mediterranean, and removed all his competitors from the family.

s Arigboge and his brother Kublai, the sons

e proved he could reconcile the Chinese to foreign rule, but his extravagance was resented. He continued his attempts at conquest, which did not bring new territories to the Mongol Empire, and some turned into real disasters for the Mongols.

ers of Kublai. Both times, typhoons saved Japan, destroying almost half of the Mongol army. This became one of the gre

Mongolian leaders. In China, where the Kublai dynasty had the strongest base, the native Chinese culture began to influence the resistance of the Mongols. The Mongol nobility and Chinese

ignificantly expanded these possessions.

nts of Batu were influenced by the Turkic and Islamic peoples they ruled.

e Golden Horde did not survive the Yuan Dynasty for long. It suffered greatly from the plague epidemic, called the “black death,” and suffered military defeats from Russia, breaking into several smaller states during

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